<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="4"></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">大禹泣囚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">五帝时期的大禹,为治水患,三次经过家门而不入,一心治理洪水,脍炙人口,感人至深,造福后世,功劳让人难以记忘怀。他称帝后也被称为圣<personname wst="on" productid="明的">明的</personname>君主。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">有一次大禹乘车出外巡查,遇到一个被押送的罪人,就下车去问怎么回事。</span><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">原来那个人做了坏事要受到惩罚。大禹听了之后不觉得伤心落泪。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">左右之人惊奇的问道:“这罪犯不守法令,被处罪判刑,是其罪有应得,您对他有什么可痛惜的?”</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">大禹说:“我想尧舜为君的时候,以德教化世人,天下的人都依着尧舜的心为心,守体安分,没有听说过谁做坏事而要受到惩罚。而今我执政,不能以德化人,百姓们各自以自己的心为心,不能和我同心同德,不顺道理,所以犯罪。这实在是我的过失呀,是我的德智思虑不足,不能淳化百姓的风气,给他们以好的教导,以至导致出现了这样的事要受责罚。因此,犯罪的人虽是百姓,其实是由于我之不德所致,所以让我感到痛心的,不是那犯罪之人,而是我的德行不如尧舜啊!”</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">禹当即命侍从取出一块龟板,在上面刻写了“老百姓犯了罪。责任只在在于我一人”。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">这就是历史上有名的“大禹泣囚”的故事。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">大禹不怪罪罪人,而是遇事反省自己,找自己的不足,事事为他人着想,这是圣人的风范。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">原文:出处汉.刘向《说苑.君道》</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">禹出见罪人,下车问而泣之,左右曰:“夫罪人不顺道,故使然焉,君王何为痛之至于此也?”禹曰:“尧舜之人,皆以尧舜之心为心;今寡人为君也,百姓各自以其心为心,是以痛之。”书曰:“百姓有罪,在予一人。”</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><font size="4">禹恶旨酒</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> </font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">《战国策</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">魏二》记载,大禹之时,有一人叫仪狄,善于造酒。他将酒进献给大禹,禹饮了之后,感觉非常甘美,遂说道:“后世之人,必有放纵于酒以致亡国者。”于是疏远仪狄,再不许他觐见;戒绝了美酒,并且不许再用来进献。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">酒通常用于祭祀、宴请宾客等,但不能无度,纵酒过度,对内则容易生疾病,对外则荒废政务,甚至导致祸乱或国家败亡。所以圣人考虑周密细微而长远,预先加以戒除。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">可是大禹末世孙桀王,昏庸无道,不修德政。由于宠信妹喜,凿大池其中注入酒,池中可以行船,积糟为堤,长度可达十余里,击一通鼓后,人们都到池边,俯下身低头喝酒,就像牛喝水一样,有三千多人。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">试想桀王的始祖大禹,简陋的宫室、朴素的衣服、克勤克俭,因为饮酒而感到甘美,于是疏远造酒的仪狄。深思远虑,辛勤创业。而桀王竟然如此放纵,能不灭亡吗!六百年后,又有商纣王,宠信妲己,建造酒池肉林,荒淫无度,导致商朝灭亡。这足以为嗜酒导致灾祸的借鉴。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="4"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">原文:《战国策</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">魏二</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">梁王魏婴觞诸侯于范台》记载:“昔者帝女令仪狄作酒而美,进之禹,禹饮而甘之,遂疏仪狄,绝旨酒,曰:后世必有以酒亡其国者。”</span></font></p> |